Although other causes of malignant mesothelioma has been designated, is the leading cause of asbestos. Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that in a number of industrial and military applications throughout the 20th Century has been used. Symptoms usually not noticeable until 50 years after primary exposure. Unfortunately, cancer is usually diagnosed at a later stage, when treatment options are limited.

One of the most common side effects of mesothelioma and cancer treatment is nausea. There are a number of changes to diet can help this problem. Dry foods such as cookies, toast can help calm an upset stomach and light food, nausea and problems with acid reflux. Dark green leafy vegetables may also be useful in the treatment of mesothelioma, because they want to help rich in vitamins, minerals and other nutrients that fight against cancer. Dark green vegetables contain antioxidants and phytochemicals that enzymes A powerful enzymes that help cleanse the body of carcinogens and block known to activate carcinogens.

Mesothelioma patients can also benefit from cancer-fighting nutrients in the bays. Blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, cranberries, strawberries and berries are known to contain Logan fight against cancer phytonutrients such as anthocyanins, ellagic acid, pterostilbene and resveratrol. In fact, extracts of six types of windows have been tested in a laboratory study to determine if they inhibit the growth and spread of different types of cancer cells. Any type of phytonutrients Berry in unique combinations and extracts killed all of them have cancer cells.

Furthermore, garlic produces a chemical called allicin, which may have a beneficial effect on patients with mesothelioma. Garlic seems to have the greatest effect on the stomach and prostate cancer in men, but works in all types of cancer were identified, and various carcinogens.

Hmm? Time to exercise again! Just as eating, exercise should be done every day. Do not immediately think of heavy exercise sweating, light activities such as a leisurely stroll or bike ride around the compound, is a fun alternative to exercise.

Sports medicine specialist, Dr. L MM Phaidon, sport is a must. “Just as you pray and worship according to religion and faith to the spiritual needs, then the sport is a physical need,” he said.

Phaidon adding, sports or in everyday language is called an activity that exercises using physical force. Today, with increasing degenerative diseases such as heart attacks, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, many people eventually find out that one cause is the lack of sports activities.

Departed from it, sports can be considered as “medicine”, which then also inspire the birth of sports therapy. Better to prevent than cure. Well, other than healthy, regular exercise has been shown to prevent the emergence of diseases, especially obesity as a gateway various chronic diseases such as diabetes and vascular diseases related to heart (cardiovascular). Therefore, the problem often experienced in people with excess body weight is a high metabolism.

“Metabolism is influenced body mass. The greater the body mass, the more energy needed to burn calories. This would be dangerous if you rarely exercise,” said a professor from Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, LA, MD, MPH Timothy Church PhD.

Various studies have been handed an international scale findings for the health benefits of exercise and disease prevention. A recent study conducted at the American researchers also revealed that regular exercise can protect men from prostate cancer.

Conclusions are based on test results of their 190 participants are men who have prostate biopsy. That the participants were quite active, although just to walk for a few hours per week, turned out to have significantly less tendency to get prostate cancer.

The majority of men in this study (approximately 58 per cent) in the daily movements are less and more sedentary. In other words, if they could make a walking activity, they at best just do it less than 1 hour per week. The study also reported that the exercise does a man who had prostate cancer can minimize cancer growth towards a more malignant.

“The increased portion of exercise performed, diminishing the risk of cancer,” said urologist at Duke University Medical Center in America, Dr. Jodi Antonelli, who heads the writing of the study.

Responding to a study published online in the Journal of Urology 22 September the issue, an urologist at Duke and the Durham Veterans Affairs Hospital, Dr Stephen Freedland, revealed that these findings would be useful as a reference for medical scientists who are still looking for evidence related benefits of exercise for cancer prevention.

“There are dozens of studies that report the benefits of exercise in reducing the risk of prostate cancer, some of which even large-scale studies. However, it is still confusing and leaves a question mark,” he said.

In addition to prostate cancer, the most feared of the man, women can also benefit from the exercise, namely keeping the risk of breast cancer.

This was revealed in a study team from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. They found that exercise with high intensity movements such as swimming, aerobics, and running can reduce the risk of breast cancer.

According to the researchers, training or exercise may reduce cancer risk through changes in metabolism and the immune system by reducing weight gain.

For the purposes of this study, the research team involving 110,599 woman participants in the California who traces her health history since 1995. Compared with participants who only exercised less than 30 minutes a week, women participants who diligently perform high-motion activities for more than 5 hours a week decreased known risk of invasive breast cancer by 20 percent, and 31 percent of cancers for early-stage breast cancer.

The study was conducted primarily to see the cumulative effects of sports or exercise a higher risk of breast cancer. Before being diagnosed with breast cancer, the average participant admitted only do a little exercise.

“The results of this study with additional evidence on cancer prevention through physical activity is heavy, but pleasant in the long term against the risk of breast cancer that had invasive or early-stage,” said researcher as noted in the journal Archives of Internal Medicine.

In healthy men, decline in serum testosterone level occurs around 30% in age 25-75 years. Due to increased serum SHBG level with age, free testosterone decreases around 50% in the period of age. In women, decrease of testosterone level occurs similarly as in men. It decreases steadily by age as occurred in estrogen and progesterone level.

The term hypogonadism indicates a clinical condition in which low level of serum testosterone are found in association with specific signs and symptoms. The signs and symptoms include the following aspects:

1. General well-being.
2. Sexual function and spermatogenesis.
3. Cognitive function.
4. Red blood cell volume.
5. Muscle strength.
6. Bone mass with an increased fracture risk.
7. Immune competence.

In the other side, there are increases in:

1. Fat mass which change the body composition, especially visceral obesity.
2. Cardiovascular accidents.
3. Mood and sleep disorder. Decreased general well-being is expressed as the following symptoms: fatigue, depression, confusion, hot flashes and night sweats.

The following are signs and symptoms associated with testosterone deficiency in women: reduced sexual motivation, sexual fantasizing, reduced sexual arousal and enjoyment, reduced vaginal congestion, reduced bone and muscle mass, reduced quality of life (mood, affect, energy), increased vasomotor instability (hot flashes), more frequent insomnia, more frequent depression, and more frequent headache.

These functional changes in decreased testosterone level significantly result in declined quality of life. In aging male the signs and symptoms caused by low level of testosterone are the manifestation of ADAM (Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male) or PADAM (Partial Deficiency in Aging Male) or LOH (Late-Onset Hypogonadism).

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of androgen deficiency established based on the signs and symptoms, physical examination, and supported by laboratory examination. In male, the anamnesis can be based on ADAM screening questionnaire. Another more extensive and validated instrument is the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale. However, neither of these questionnaires replaces a proper history and physical examination.

The result of the questionnaire needs further investigation includes a laboratory assay for bioavailable testosterone or free testosterone.

Testosterone Treatment

Decreased testosterone level needs testosterone replacement therapy. The treatment should maintain testosterone within the physiological range and avoid supraphysiologic values. This treatment is usually long-term requiring regular follow-up, frequent monitoring of blood levels and beneficial and adverse therapeutic responses.

A big question in treating patient with testosterone is in what level of testosterone, the treatment can be given? A study on testosterone level in men aged 45 years old and above with signs and symptoms of andropause has been conducted in February-March 2009 at the Department of Andrology and Sexology Udayana University.

The study showed that at the average levels 10.97 pg/ml of free testosterone and 461.61 ng/dl of total testosterone, men aged 45-59 years old have already felt the signs and symptoms of andropause. Men aged 60-70 years old have felt the signs and symptoms of andropause at the levels 10.10 pg/ml of free testosterone and 493.99 ng/dl of total testosterone. In this study the range of free testosterone level is as follows. In age 40-59, the range is 7.2-23 pg/ml; in age 60-80, the range is 5.6-19 pg/ml. The range of total testosterone is 280-800 ng/dl.

This study indicates that signs and symptoms of andropause have appeared before the deficient level of testosterone achieved. This data should be considered as the scientific basis for testosterone replacement therapy, especially in the concept of Anti-Aging Medicine. Testosterone treatment does not only improve sexual function, but also all aspects in the domain of quality of life.

Preparations

There are some preparations of testosterone with different administration, those are oral (T undecanoate and buccal T), injection (intramuscular T propionate, T enanthate, T undecanoate, and subcutaneous T pellet), and transdermal (T gel and patch).

The long acting testosterone undecanoate injection of 1000 mg (Nebido®) when applied at appropriate intervals of 10 to 12 weeks avoids supraphysiological testosterone levels, and their unwanted side effects

Risk and contraindication

The controversy of testosterone replacement therapy comes from the issues of the risks that may occur among others are benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. However many studies show that the issues are not significant. There is no difference in androgen level between men with and without BPH or prostate cancer.

The most extensive analysis of all available epidemiological data showed no relationship between sex steroids and prostate cancer. A compilation of published prospective studies of testosterone-replacement therapy revealed only 5 cases of prostate cancer among 461 men (1.1 percent) followed for 6 to 36 months. This prevalence rate is similar to that in the general population. However it is clear that testosterone increases the rate of progression of prostate cancer.

There is no evidence that testosterone replacement therapy accelerates the development of BPH. However, caution should be given when administering testosterone to men with BPH of significant symptoms (e.g. with high > 21 International Prostate Symptom Score -IPPS).

The contraindication of testosterone replacement is prostate cancer. But testosterone does not cause prostate cancer. Therefore DRE (digital rectal examination) and determination of serum PSA (prostate specific antigen) values are mandatory prior to therapy and regularly thereafter.

Wimpie Pangkahila, Department of Andrology and Sexology Center for Study of Anti-Aging Medicine. Master Degree Postgraduate Program in Anti-Aging Medicine Medical Faculty Udayana University